Perceptions of treatment value, therapeutic orientation, and actual experience of psychiatric residents

Although a fairly extensive literature exists on how psychiatrists develop professionally,1-9 three important areas remain inadequately documented. First, doubts remain about the ideologic orientation of residents toward psychiatry. Second, how psychiatry residents perceive the value of various treatment modalities used in psychiatry is essentially undetermined. Third, the actual experience that residents accumulate in using various treatment modalities requires considerable elaboration. These deficiences of information are striking since a psychiatrist's professional identity is clearly related to what he believes valuable and what experiences he incorporates in his practice.10 The investigators that have evaluated these three topics have concentrated on the attitudes toward treatment approaches mainly of practicing psychiatrists,11-15 although the work by Stone and his colleagues is a major exception.16In this era of concern about the question "what is a psychiatrist?" (as shown by the existence of an American Psychiatric Association Committee to study this subject), renewed attention must be given to the possible danger of premature theoretic closure among psychiatry residents. If ideologic closure occurs early in residency, the acquisition of new knowledge will clearly be impaired.The present study evolved from our observations that residents in several residency programs in the Washington, D.C./Baltimore, Md. vicinity seemed to share the same opinions about the worth of various therapies regardless of level of training and orientation of their programs. Most residents also seemed to be firmly set in their opinions at an early stage. To provide some data for these subjective impressions, we decided to survey a relatively large population of psychiatry residents. Several main questions were formulated: How do residents from different training programs rate the value of various psychiatric treatments when applied to three hypothetic psychiatric conditions? Do residents in different levels of training rate treatment modalities differently? What is the self-reported treatment orientation among the population of psychiatry residents? Does premature ideologic closure appear to be present?Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22608/1/0000158.pd

A MDA Approach for Navigational and User Perspectives

[EN] The study presented in this paper focuses on a navigational and user perspectives analysis of Web applications, highlighting some of their critical points for modeling. To consider these critical points, we propose a notational definition focused on a general metamodel, consisting of three specific metamodels: the Navigational Tree, the Node, and Roles. The metamodels have been implemented with a specific MDA (Model Driven Architecture) tool called AndroMDA, to generate applications for PHP language. Both, the general metamodel and its implementation have been analyzed by means of a proof of concept. Finally, some interesting results as well as the contribution of the proposed metamodel in comparison with other methodological proposals are discussed.The first author would like to thank the “Itaipu Technological Park” (Parque Tecnológico Itaipú – PTI) for partially funding the research under a scholarship programGonzález, M.; Casariego, J.; Bareiro, JJ.; Cernuzzi, L.; Pastor López, O. (2011). A MDA Approach for Navigational and User Perspectives. CLEI Electronic Journal. 14(1):1-12. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46633S11214

Ethics Committee experience during COVID-19 emergency. A brief report

La crisis sanitaria motivada por el COVID-19 hace necesaria la puesta en marcha, con celeridad, de investigaciones encaminadas a generar evidencias científicas que incidan en el control de sus devastadores efectos. Por ello, fue necesario realizar ajustes en la dinámica de trabajo de los Comités de Ética de la Investigación así como priorizar y agilizar la evaluación de los proyectos relacionados con dicha enfermedad. Este trabajo pretende analizar la actividad la actividad evaluadora del Comité de Ética de la Investigación con Medicamentos de Galicia (CEIm-G) durante dicho período de emergencia sanitaria. Se evaluaron 81 proyectos de investigación, 73 de ellos de ámbito autonómico (62 unicéntricos), 4 nacionales y 4 internacionales. En 57 proyectos el dictamen fue favorable, 4 fueron retirados por los promotores, en 6 no procedía dictamen y 14 no respondieron a las aclaraciones solicitadas hasta la fecha del cierre del estudio. La causas más frecuentes de solicitud de aclaraciones estaban relacionadas con la metodología y a continuación con la hoja de información al paciente y el consentimiento informado. También es imprescindible abordar los aspectos relacionados con la intimidad de los datos personales y las muestras y tener en cuenta la carga de trabajo de los investigadores. Como propuesta de mejora, consideramos que se debe incidir en una mayor coordinación entre los diferentes equipos de investigación para tratar de obtener resultados más robustos

Efecto del ensilado biológico de residuos de Dosidicus gigas sobre el crecimiento y factor de conversión alimenticio de Litopenaeus vannamei

TesisCon el objetivo de encontrar nuevos ingredientes proteicos que sustituyan la harina de pescado y se aprovechen fuentes residuales de alimentos, se probaron dietas con inclusión de ensilado seco de residuos de Dosidicus gigas (pota) para determinar su efecto en el crecimiento y factor de conversión alimenticio de Litopenaeus vannamei. La investigación se realizó en acuarios de 45 L de capacidad de trabajo. Se hicieron tres repeticiones por tratamiento. El ensilado fue preparado con residuos de pota (vísceras, tentáculos y piel) cocidos, molidos, mezclados con yogurt natural y arroz quebrado (ñelen) cocido. Los tratamientos constituyeron dietas isoproteicas (30 %) que presentaron 0 %, 7,5 % y 15 % de ensilado seco en sustitución de la harina de pescado y un alimento balanceado comercial. El cultivo se realizó en dos etapas con una duración de ocho semanas y dos semanas. En la segunda etapa los ingredientes sólidos fueron molidos tres veces más que el primero por cuanto presentó menor consumo de alimento. La densidad en las dos etapas fue de 10 juveniles por acuario y seis juveniles por acuario, respectivamente. En ambas etapas, las dietas con ensilado no tuvieron efecto diferencial significativo (p˃0,05) en el crecimiento y factor de conversión alimenticio que con la dieta sin ensilado; en tanto que sólo hubo diferencia significativa (p˂0,05) en el crecimiento a favor del alimento balanceado comercial

Spatial variability of larval parasites harboured by two crab species in an estuarine environment in Argentina

Soft bottom intertidals of the Atlantic SW are dominated by the semi-terrestrial crab Neohelice granulata and the grapsid crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus. They are similar in size but C. angulatus is mainly a subtidal species, while N. granulata inhabits the intertidal zones, thus the two species overlap only during high tides in this area. Since these distribution differences between crab species across the Mar Chiquita Coastal lagoon may affect digenean infection success, the objective of this work is to describe the spatial differences in parasite infection levels and their selectivity on the host. To determine possible spatial differences in parasitism levels between sites and crab species across the lagoon, three areas dominated by N. granulata were selected and adult crabs of N. granulata and C. angulatus were collected. Both crab species harboured metacercariae of the digeneans Microphallus szidati and Maritrema bonaerensis (Microphallidae), and cystacanths of the acanthocephalan Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Profilicollidae). Digenean species showed preferences between the two crabs. Maritrema bonaerensis mean intensity was higher in N. granulata than in C. angulatus, while the opposite trend was found for M. szidati and could indicate some level of specificity. These results, nevertheless, depended on the study site. For P. chasmagnathi the highest values of mean intensity depended more on the site than on the crab species. The values found here, compared with previous works from both crab species, suggest that besides the spatial heterogeneity, interspecific competition between parasites could explain the differences observed.Fil: Mendez Casariego, Maria Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Merlo, Matias Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Etchegoin, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

User Needs for the Development of New Methodologies and R&D Tools for Building a Railway Digital Map and for the Experimental Performance Evaluation of On-Board Subsystems

Novel signalling systems are expected to use Digital Maps to implement Automatic Train Operation (ATO) functions or to augment technologies such as European Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), inertial sensors or optical sensors for localization purposes. However, the construction of a Digital Map requires with current technologies expensive railway surveying campaigns. Additionally, the cost for their maintenance and update is a major challenge that prevents its adoption. With regard to the evolution of Control-Command and Signalling (CCS) systems, a new verification infrastructure is also needed to characterize new on-board solutions in terms of train position, speed and acceleration errors, as well as to assess their expected performance. Our research, on one side, aims to develop a methodology and related toolset for executing railway surveying, building and maintaining Digital Maps based on the post-processing of data recorded by trains in commercial service, equipped with COTS sensors like GNSS receivers, cameras, IMUs, and LIDARs. On the other side, a similar approach and development can be used to provide high precision and high accuracy ground truth reference data as true values for carrying out error and performance analysis. This Ground Truth methodology does not require installation of trackside equipment or modifications to existing trackside signalling systems and a-priori knowledge of track databases. This paper summarizes the main user needs of (1) the use of Digital Maps for signalling subsystems purposes, (2) the availability of innovative Ground Truth sources for performance assessments. These user needs are essential for the future design of such methodologies and toolset

Experiencia de un comité de ética de la investigación durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Background: The health crisis caused by COVID-19 required the prompt launch of research in order to generate scientific evidence pertaining to the new disease oriented to control its devastating effects and continuous spread. Therefore, it was essential to adapt the work flow of Research Ethics Committees, to prioritize and to accelerate the evaluation of projects related to this disease. Methods: This work analyses the evaluation conducted by our Regional Ethics Committees during the initial period of the health emergency (between 13th March and 28th May 2020). Results: 81 research projects were evaluated, 73 of them of regional scope (62 single-centre), 4 national and 4 international. 57 projects obtained a favourable opinion, 4 were withdrawn by the sponsors, 6 did not require ethics approval and 14 did not respond to the clarifications requested up to the date of the study’s closure. Conclusions: The most important research procedures to be analysed in this context are those related to the methodology and informed consent process. It is also essential to address aspects related to the privacy of personal data, and to take into account the workload of the researchers. As an improvement proposal, we think that greater collaboration between the different research teams should be encourage to obtain more robust results.Fundamentos: La crisis sanitaria motivada por la COVID-19 hace necesaria la puesta en marcha, con celeridad, de investigaciones encaminadas a generar evidencias científicas que incidan en el control de sus devastadores efectos. Por ello, fue necesario realizar ajustes en la dinámica de trabajo de los Comités de Ética de la Investigación, así como priorizar y agilizar la evaluación de los proyectos relacionados con dicha enfermedad. Este trabajo pretendió analizar la actividad la actividad evaluadora del Comité de Ética de la Investigación con Medicamentos de Galicia (CEIm-G) durante dicho período de emergencia sanitaria. Métodos: Se evaluaron 81 proyectos de investigación, 73 de ellos de ámbito autonómico (62 unicéntricos), 4 nacionales y 4 internacionales. Resultados: En 57 proyectos el dictamen fue favorable, 4 fueron retirados por los promotores, en 6 no procedía dictamen y 14 no respondieron a las aclaraciones solicitadas hasta la fecha del cierre del estudio. Conclusiones: Las causas más frecuentes de solicitud de aclaraciones están relacionadas con la metodología y, a continuación, con la hoja de información al paciente y el consentimiento informado. También es imprescindible abordar los aspectos relacionados con la intimidad de los datos personales y las muestras, e igualmente tener en cuenta la carga de trabajo de los investigadores. Como propuesta de mejora, consideramos que se debe incidir en una mayor coordinación entre los diferentes equipos de investigación para tratar de obtener resultados más robustos

Usefulness of Early Treatment With Melatonin to Reduce Infarct Size in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (From the Melatonin Adjunct in the Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Angioplasty Trial)

Melatonin, an endogenously produced hormone, might potentially limit the ischemia reperfusion injury and improve the efficacy of mechanical reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study was aimed to evaluate whether the treatment effect of melatonin therapy in patients with STEMI is influenced by the time to administration. We performed a post hoc analysis of the Melatonin Adjunct in the Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Angioplasty trial (NCT00640094), which randomized STEMI patients to melatonin (intravenous and intracoronary bolus) or placebo during pPCI. Randomized patients were divided into tertiles according to symptoms onset to balloon time: first tertile (136 ± 23 minutes), second tertile (196 ± 19 minutes), and third tertile (249 ± 41 minutes). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 1 week after pPCI. A total of 146 patients presenting with STEMI within 360 minutes of chest pain onset were randomly allocated to intravenous and intracoronary melatonin or placebo during pPCI. In the first tertile, the infarct size was significantly smaller in the melatonin-treated subjects compared with placebo (14.6 ± 14.2 vs 24.9 ± 9.0%; p = 0.003). Contrariwise, treatment with melatonin was associated with a larger infarct size in the group of patients included in the third tertile (20.5 ± 8.7% vs 11.2 ± 5.2%; p = 0.001), resulting in a significant interaction (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the administration of melatonin in patients with STEMI who presented early after symptom onset was associated with a significant reduction in the infarct size after pPCI